Profiles 500K P16

Charts

Execution Time

Execution Time

Write Throughput

Write Throughput

Lookup Throughput

Lookup Throughput

Index Scan Throughput

Index Scan Throughput

Query Throughput

Query Throughput

Resource Footprint

Resource Footprint

Total By Engine

Engine Status Run time Completed phase time Pre-read stabilize Post-update stabilize Settle Reopen Verify Storage Process peak memory Final checksum
ZoneTree Completed 8_183 ms 5_275 ms 790 ms 1_225 ms 14 ms 96 ms 12 ms 36.9 MB 1.4 GB DF2D9443B36E4083
RocksDB Completed 27_642 ms 25_716 ms 558 ms 947 ms 1 ms 46 ms 75 ms 157.8 MB 393.0 MB DF2D9443B36E4083
SQLite Completed 189_697 ms 189_133 ms n/a n/a 423 ms 1 ms 10 ms 149.9 MB 1.8 GB DF2D9443B36E4083

Correctness

Checksum validation passed across completed engines: ZoneTree, RocksDB, SQLite.

Interpretation Notes

  • This benchmark measures live single-operation profile inserts, updates, reads, and indexed queries.
  • ZoneTree and RocksDB secondary indexes are maintained by the benchmark application using separate stores.
  • SQLite maintains secondary indexes inside the database engine.
  • Embedded engines run in the benchmark process.
  • Completed phase time is the sum of measured workload phases. Run time also includes initialization, stabilization, settle/checkpoint, reopen, verification, and reporting overhead.
  • The write throughput chart includes raw write phases and derived write-readiness bars that add the following stabilization phase.
  • Storage is measured after each engine settles or checkpoints its data.
  • Process peak memory is measured for the benchmark process.

Write Readiness

Engine Insert Pre-read stabilize Insert + stabilize Insert ready throughput Update Post-update stabilize Update + stabilize Update ready throughput
ZoneTree 519 ms 790 ms 1_310 ms 381_787/s 636 ms 1_225 ms 1_860 ms 268_780/s
RocksDB 2_535 ms 558 ms 3_093 ms 161_662/s 4_130 ms 947 ms 5_077 ms 98_486/s
SQLite 35_649 ms n/a 35_649 ms 14_026/s 30_005 ms n/a 30_005 ms 16_664/s

Phase Results

ZoneTree

Phase Operations Time Throughput Checksum
insert profiles 500_000 519 ms 963_125/s 50011E4C9D5F3019
read by user id 500_000 95 ms 5_282_564/s F3B941DE4C92818E
lookup by email 500_000 148 ms 3_383_687/s 40C0411114A3A804
scan country/status index 125_000 166 ms 753_123/s 1B1C2F0D73543877
query country/status 125_000 954 ms 130_991/s 2F314B7F8E40E3D9
scan created-at index 125_000 157 ms 796_921/s F2636513B5F3CD4C
query created-at range 125_000 335 ms 372_590/s E2906385B10DFC3E
scan top reputation index 125_000 250 ms 500_568/s E6264551104EB4A5
query top reputation 125_000 334 ms 374_315/s 7A0CCC6AFE1F7735
update profiles 500_000 636 ms 786_599/s CE4B50575224FE7D
post-update read by user id 500_000 81 ms 6_197_307/s 79C378667BBF73CE
post-update lookup by email 500_000 120 ms 4_180_315/s 0524A9D61F6190E5
post-update scan country/status index 125_000 161 ms 778_498/s 63B6F85AED445147
post-update query country/status 125_000 732 ms 170_694/s 2FE41B172678D1CC
post-update scan top reputation index 125_000 257 ms 486_930/s 8B8F035B222D5F35
post-update query top reputation 125_000 332 ms 376_925/s 14538CD9CDA8AA65

RocksDB

Phase Operations Time Throughput Checksum
insert profiles 500_000 2_535 ms 197_236/s 50011E4C9D5F3019
read by user id 500_000 3_235 ms 154_537/s F3B941DE4C92818E
lookup by email 500_000 2_925 ms 170_949/s 40C0411114A3A804
scan country/status index 125_000 117 ms 1_069_219/s 1B1C2F0D73543877
query country/status 125_000 830 ms 150_565/s 2F314B7F8E40E3D9
scan created-at index 125_000 789 ms 158_346/s F2636513B5F3CD4C
query created-at range 125_000 2_289 ms 54_600/s E2906385B10DFC3E
scan top reputation index 125_000 89 ms 1_402_114/s E6264551104EB4A5
query top reputation 125_000 823 ms 151_925/s 7A0CCC6AFE1F7735
update profiles 500_000 4_130 ms 121_073/s CE4B50575224FE7D
post-update read by user id 500_000 3_234 ms 154_604/s 79C378667BBF73CE
post-update lookup by email 500_000 2_894 ms 172_757/s 0524A9D61F6190E5
post-update scan country/status index 125_000 93 ms 1_343_378/s 63B6F85AED445147
post-update query country/status 125_000 827 ms 151_185/s 2FE41B172678D1CC
post-update scan top reputation index 125_000 90 ms 1_391_691/s 8B8F035B222D5F35
post-update query top reputation 125_000 815 ms 153_322/s 14538CD9CDA8AA65

SQLite

Phase Operations Time Throughput Checksum
insert profiles 500_000 35_649 ms 14_026/s 50011E4C9D5F3019
read by user id 500_000 2_853 ms 175_247/s F3B941DE4C92818E
lookup by email 500_000 4_266 ms 117_210/s 40C0411114A3A804
scan country/status index 125_000 7_774 ms 16_080/s 1B1C2F0D73543877
query country/status 125_000 18_858 ms 6_629/s 2F314B7F8E40E3D9
scan created-at index 125_000 6_892 ms 18_138/s F2636513B5F3CD4C
query created-at range 125_000 16_514 ms 7_569/s E2906385B10DFC3E
scan top reputation index 125_000 4_737 ms 26_390/s E6264551104EB4A5
query top reputation 125_000 14_231 ms 8_783/s 7A0CCC6AFE1F7735
update profiles 500_000 30_005 ms 16_664/s CE4B50575224FE7D
post-update read by user id 500_000 1_430 ms 349_577/s 79C378667BBF73CE
post-update lookup by email 500_000 2_107 ms 237_292/s 0524A9D61F6190E5
post-update scan country/status index 125_000 6_985 ms 17_896/s 63B6F85AED445147
post-update query country/status 125_000 16_175 ms 7_728/s 2FE41B172678D1CC
post-update scan top reputation index 125_000 5_221 ms 23_942/s 8B8F035B222D5F35
post-update query top reputation 125_000 15_438 ms 8_097/s 14538CD9CDA8AA65

Configuration

  • Profiles: 500_000
  • Parallelism: 16
  • Profile writes: individual operations
  • UserId reads: 500_000
  • Email lookups: 500_000
  • Query count: 125_000
  • Profile updates: 500_000
  • Post-update UserId reads: 500_000
  • Post-update email lookups: 500_000
  • Post-update query count: 125_000
  • Query limit: 50
  • Seed: 570123434
  • Timeout: 120_000 seconds per engine

Environment

  • OS: Microsoft Windows 10.0.26200
  • Architecture: X64
  • .NET: 10.0.6
  • CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 265KF
  • Logical processors: 20
  • Total available memory: 63.6 GB
  • Initial process working set: 104.9 MB
  • Benchmark version: 1.0.0.0
  • ZoneTree version: 1.9.6.0
  • Microsoft.Data.Sqlite version: 10.0.0
  • SQLite runtime version: 3.50.3
  • SQLitePCLRaw.core version: 2.1.11
  • SQLitePCLRaw.lib.e_sqlite3 version: 3.50.3
  • RocksDbSharp version: 6.2.2
  • RocksDbNative version: 6.2.2
  • MySqlConnector version: 2.4.0

Engine Settings

ZoneTree

  • MutableSegmentMaxItemCount: 250000
  • SparseArrayStepSize: 16
  • KeyCacheSize: 1024
  • ValueCacheSize: 1024
  • IteratorPrefetchSize: 16
  • BlockCacheLifeTime: 1 minutes
  • BottomMergePolicy: Full bottom merge when bottom segment count exceeds 1
  • ReadStabilization: Settle before read/query phases

RocksDB

  • Databases: profiles,email-index,country-status-index,created-at-index,reputation-index
  • Compression: Zstd
  • WriteBufferMb: 1024
  • MaxWriteBufferNumber: 4
  • WriteSync: false
  • ReadStabilization: Compact before read/query phases

SQLite

  • JournalMode: WAL
  • Synchronous: NORMAL
  • CacheMb: 1024
  • MmapMb: 1024
  • TempStore: MEMORY

Durability Settings

  • ZoneTree: AsyncCompressed WAL default; MutableSegmentMaxItemCount=250000; SparseArrayStepSize=16; KeyCacheSize=1024; ValueCacheSize=1024; IteratorPrefetchSize=16; BlockCacheLifeTime=1 minutes; application-managed secondary indexes; background maintainers enabled.
  • RocksDB: WAL enabled; five separate RocksDB instances; no WriteBatch across indexes; compression=Zstd; write_buffer_size=1024 MB per database; max_write_buffer_number=4.
  • SQLite: WAL journal mode; synchronous=NORMAL; cache=1024 MB; mmap=1024 MB; native SQL indexes; single-row writes use autocommit.